Difference between revisions of "GM High Feature engine"

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{{Infobox Automobile engine
{{Infobox Automobile engine
| image        =
|name=High Feature V6
| name         = Iron Duke
|aka=Alloytec V6
| aka           =
|manufacturer=[[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]
| manufacturer = [[Pontiac]]
|production=2004–
| type          =[[Straight-4]]
| weight = {{convert|168|kg|lb|abbr=on}} (3.6 V6 High Feature engine)
| bore          =4 in (101.6 mm)
|predecessor=[[GM 54-Degree V6 engine|54° V6]]
| stroke        =3 in (76.2 mm)
|type=[[DOHC]] 60° [[Multi-valve|24-valve]] [[V6 engine|V6]]
| displacement  =151 cu in (2.5 L)
| length        =
| diameter      =
| width        =
| height        =
| weight        =
| block        =[[Iron]]
| head          =[[Iron]]
| valvetrain    =
| supercharger  =
| turbocharger  =
| fuelsystem    =
| fueltype      =
| oilsystem    =
| coolingsystem =[[Watercooled]]
| power        =85 hp (63 kW)
| specpower    =0.56 hp/cu in (25.2 kW/L)
| torque        =123 ft·lbf (167 N·m)
| compression  =
| fuelcon      =
| specfuelcon  =
| oilcon        =
| power/weight  =
}}
}}


The '''Iron Duke''' (also called the '''2500''', '''151''', '''Pontiac 2.5''', '''Cross Flow''', and '''Tech IV''', though the decal on the air filter assemblies actually reads "4 Tech") was a 2.5 L (151 [[Cubic inch|cu in]]) [[Straight-4|I4]] [[piston engine]]. All Iron Dukes were built by [[Pontiac]] beginning in 1977 and ending in 1993.  
The '''3600 LY7''' (and derivative '''LP1''') are members of [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]' new '''High Feature''' (or '''HFV6''') engine family of modern [[DOHC]] [[V6]]s. This new family of engines was introduced in 2004 with the [[Cadillac CTS]]. [[Holden]] sells the HFV6 under the name '''Alloytec'''. The '''High Feature''' moniker on the [[Holden]] produced engine is reserved for the twin cam pasing High output version. The block was designed to be expandable from 2.8 L to 4.0 L.


This 151 was also used by [[American Motors]] (AMC) starting in 1980, as the base engine option in the RWD [[AMC Spirit|Spirit]] and [[AMC Concord|Concord]], and continuing in both cars through 1982. The AWD (4x4) [[AMC Eagle|Eagle]] carried the 151 as standard equipment for 1981, and carried it midway through the 1983 model year. It was also available (as the ''Hurricane'') in economy model [[Jeep CJ]]s. AMC replaced the Iron Duke 2.5L I4 with a [[AMC Straight-4 engine|150cid Inline-4]] of their own, derived from their evergreen sixes.
It is a 60° 24-valve design with aluminum block and heads and [[Fuel injection|Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection]]. Most versions feature [[Continuous variable valve timing|continuously-variable cam phasing]] on both intake and exhaust valves and electronic throttle control. Other features include piston oil-jet capability, forged and [[Deep Rolling|fillet rolled]] crankshaft, forged connecting rods, a [[VLIM|variable intake manifold]], twin knock control sensors and coil-on-plug ignition. It was developed by the same international team responsible for the [[GM Ecotec engine|Ecotec]], including the [[Opel]] engineers responsible for the [[GM 54-Degree V6 engine|54° V6]], with involvement with design and development engineering from Ricardo, Inc.


The Iron Duke is often confused with Chevrolet's [[Chevrolet Straight-6 engine|Stovebolt]]-derived ''[[Chevrolet Straight-6 engine#153|153]]'' from the 1960s [[Chevrolet Nova|Chevy II]], but the engines are entirely different - the Iron Duke's intake manifold is on the passenger side, as opposed to the driver side.
High Feature V6 engines are produced at Fisherman's Bend in [[Port Melbourne]], [[Australia]], [[St. Catharines]] in [[Canada]], and [[Flint Engine South]] in [[Flint, Michigan]], [[United States]].
 
== History ==
 
The HFV6 was first designed, tested and produced in a joint team by [[Cadillac]] and [[Holden]]. A majority of design into the new alloy construction, transmission pairing and first use in production were all undertaken in Detroit (and manufactured in St Catherines). Holden had the job of developing smaller engines (Holden 3.2, LP1 and LP9 Turbo)<!-- Not sure how to include an internal link --> as well as their own Holden HFV6 (called the Alloytec V6) for local models.
 
Cadillac and Holden both tested variations of these engines in US and Australia.
 
North America and Australia remain the only two places that manufacture the HFV6.
 
== Alfa Romeo ==
[[Alfa Romeo]] uses the High Feature engine design, though with many modifications, as the [[JTS engine|JTS]] V6. The Alfa unit features lean-burn technology as on many other engines from the company. It displaces 3.2&nbsp;L (3195&nbsp;cc) and has an output of {{convert|256|hp|kW PS|lk=on|abbr=on}} at 6200&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|237|ftlbf|Nm|abbr=on|lk=on}} torque, with [[gasoline direct injection]] allowing a high [[compression ratio]] of 11.25:1. The engine is also equipped with cam-phasing on both inlet and exhaust side, thus the name "TwinPhaser".
 
Alfa Romeo only acquires the core designs and productions of the HFV6. It is then taken to their factory and modified for their performance, fuel economy and soundtrack.


Applications:
Applications:
* 1977 [[Pontiac Astre]]
* 2005 [[Alfa Romeo 159]]
* 1977-1980 [[Pontiac Sunbird]]
* 2006 [[Alfa Romeo 159|Alfa Romeo 159 Sportwagon]]
* 1984-1988 [[Pontiac Fiero]]
* 2005 [[Alfa Romeo Brera]]
* 1982-1985 [[Pontiac Firebird]]
* 2006 [[Alfa Romeo Brera|Alfa Romeo Spider]]
* 1982-1985 [[Chevrolet Camaro]]
* 1985-1990 [[Chevrolet Astro]]
* 1985-1990 [[GMC Safari]]
* [[Chevrolet Citation]]
* [[Chevrolet Celebrity]]
* [[Chevrolet S-10]]
* [[Chevrolet S-10 Blazer]]
* [[GMC Sonoma]]
* [[GMC S-15 Jimmy]]
* [[Chevrolet Monza]]
* [[Buick Skylark]]
* [[Buick Skyhawk]]
* [[Buick Century]]
* [[Pontiac 6000]]
* 1985-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Am]]
* [[Oldsmobile Ciera]]
* [[Oldsmobile Omega]]
* [[AMC Concord]]/[[AMC Spirit|Spirit]] (1980-82)
* [[AMC Eagle|Eagle]] (1981-83)
* [[Jeep CJ]] (1980-83)
* [[Grumman LLV]] [[United States Postal Service]] delivery vehicle


{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border:3px solid #87CEEB;"
== Holden 3.2 ==
!Year
[[Holden]] has built its own 3.2&nbsp;L version of the High Feature engine in Australia.  Branded with the '''Alloytec''' name like the 3.6&nbsp;L version, this version produces {{Convert|227|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 6600 rpm and {{auto ftlbf|219}} at 3200 rpm.
!hp (kW)
!ft·lbf (N·m)
|-
|1978
|85 (63)
|123 (167)
|-
|1979
|90 (67)
|128 (173)
|-
|1980
|86 (64)
|128 (173)
|}


==LS6==
Applications:
The '''LS6''' was a 151&nbsp;cu&nbsp;in (2.5&nbsp;L) [[Straight-4|I4]] engine produced from 1978 to 1979.
* 2007 [[Holden Captiva]]
* 2007 [[Opel Antara]]


==LS8==
== LY7 ==
The '''LS8''' was a 151&nbsp;cu&nbsp;in (2.5&nbsp;L) [[Straight-4|I4]] engine produced for 1979.
[[Image:STS LY7.jpg|thumb|LY7 V6 engine in a [[Cadillac STS]].]]
[[Image:Alloytec V6 engine of a 2006 Holden VZ Commodore SVZ 01.jpg|thumb|Alloytec V6 engine in a [[Holden VZ Commodore]].]]
[[Image:Alloytec V6 (LPG) engine of a 2006-2008 Holden VE Commodore 1.jpg|thumb|[[Autogas|LPG]] Alloytec V6 engine in a [[Holden VE Commodore]].]]


==LX6==
The 3.6&nbsp;L (3564&nbsp;cc) '''LY7''' version was introduced in the 2004 [[Cadillac CTS]] sedan. It has a 10.2:1 compression ratio and produces {{Convert|255|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 6200 rpm and {{auto ftlbf|252}} at 3100 rpm. The bore is 3.70&nbsp;in (94.0&nbsp;mm) and the stroke is 3.37&nbsp;in (85.6&nbsp;mm). In some applications, including the [[Buick LaCrosse]] and [[Holden Commodore]], the LY7 has an output of 235 to 262&nbsp;hp (175 to 195&nbsp;kW) and 225 to 251&nbsp;ft·lbf (305 to 340&nbsp;N·m) depending on the vehicle induction and exhaust system designs. The lower powered versions only have variable cam phasing on the inlet cam. Selected models also include variable intake. The engine weighs {{convert|370|lb|abbr=on}} as installed.
The '''LX6''' was a 151&nbsp;cu&nbsp;in (2.5&nbsp;L) [[Straight-4|I4]] engine produced from 1977 to 1978.


==LX8==
This engine is produced in North America and Australia.
The '''LX8''' was a 151&nbsp;cu&nbsp;in (2.5&nbsp;L) [[Straight-4|I4]] engine produced from 1979 to 1980.


==Crossflow==
On the [[GM Lambda platform|Lambda]] crossover SUVs ([[Saturn Outlook]], [[GMC Acadia]], and [[Buick Enclave]]) it produces {{Convert|275|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{auto ftlbf|251}}. The Holden Alloytec version has been modified to meet [[Euro III]] emissions standards and has an output of 262 hp (195 kW) and 251 ft-lbf (340 N-m). A dual fuel {{Convert|235|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} version able to run on petrol and [[Autogas|autogas (LPG)]] has also been produced by Holden in Australia.
Cross-flow cylinder heads were added in mid-1979, leading people to refer to this version as the '''crossflow'''. Output stood at 90&nbsp;hp (67&nbsp;kW).


==Tech IV==
Applications:
{{Infobox Automobile engine
* 2004 [[Cadillac CTS]]
| image = [[Image:2.5l tech 4 engine.jpg|250px]]
* 2004 [[Buick Rendezvous]] CXL/Ultra
| name         = Tech 4
* 2004 [[Cadillac SRX]]
| aka          = Iron Duke
* 2004 [[Holden VZ Commodore]]
| manufacturer  = [[General Motors|GM]]
* 2005 [[Buick LaCrosse]] CXS
| type          =[[Straight-4]]
* 2005 [[Cadillac STS]]
}}
* 2006 [[Holden VE Commodore]]
* 2006 [[Holden WM Statesman]]
* 2006 [[Holden WM Caprice]]
* 2007 [[Saturn Aura]] XR
* 2007 [[Saturn Outlook]]
* 2007 [[Pontiac G6]] GTP
* 2007 [[GMC Acadia]]
* 2008 [[Buick Enclave]]
* 2008 [[Chevrolet Malibu]]
* 2008 [[Saturn Vue]] XR
* 2008 [[Pontiac G8]]
* 2008 [[Chevrolet Equinox]] Sport
* 2008 [[Pontiac Torrent]] GXP
* 2008 [[Pontiac G6]] GXP
 
== LLT ==
The 3.6&nbsp;liter (3564&nbsp;cc) '''LLT''' is a [[Gasoline Direct Injection|direct injected]] version of the LY7. It was first unveiled in May 2006, and was claimed to have 15&nbsp;percent greater power, 8&nbsp;percent greater torque, and 3&nbsp;percent better [[Fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]] than its port-injected counterpart. It has a [[compression ratio]] of 11.4:1, and has been certified by the [[Society of Automotive Engineers|SAE]] to produce {{convert|302|hp|kW}} at 6300 rpm and {{auto ftlbf|272}} of torque at 5200&nbsp;rpm on regular unleaded (87 octane) gasoline. This engine debuted on the 2008 [[Cadillac STS]] and [[Cadillac CTS|CTS]].<ref name=NAIAS2008CTSEdmunds>{{cite news | first=Ed | last=Hellwig | title=Detroit Auto Show: 2008 Cadillac CTS | work=edmunds.com | url=http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Features/articleId=119071 | date=[[2007-01-08]] | accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref><ref name=NEX2008CTS302>{{cite news | first=Reilly | last=Brennan | title=Cadillac Ups STS Horsepower Rating To 302 | work=nextautos.com | url=http://www.nextautos.com/body-stylesmarket-segment/sedans/cadillac-ups-sts-horsepower-rating-to-302 | date=[[2007-05-08]] | accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref> GM will use a LLT in all 2009 [[GM Lambda platform|Lambda]]-derived [[crossover SUV]]s to allow class-leading fuel economy in light of the new [[Corporate Average Fuel Economy]] (CAFE) standards. In the Lambdas, LLT engine produces {{convert|286|hp|kW}} and {{auto ftlbf|255}} of torque.<ref>[http://eogld.ecomm.gm.com/NASApp/domestic/graytabcontroller.jsp?graytabtype=1&rpoid=39719&vehicleid=6650&section=engineAxle Engine - Power Curve<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://eogld.ecomm.gm.com/NASApp/domestic/graytabcontroller.jsp?graytabtype=1&rpoid=36105&vehicleid=6795&regionID=1&section=oi_def Engine - Power Curve<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://eogld.ecomm.gm.com/NASApp/domestic/graytabcontroller.jsp?graytabtype=1&rpoid=40162&vehicleid=6858&section=engineAxle Engine - Power Curve<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
Applications:
* 2008 [[Cadillac CTS]]
* 2008 [[Cadillac STS]]
* 2009 [[Chevrolet Traverse]]<ref>[http://www.autoshow.ca/2008/downloads/SHOWBIZ-JAN08.pdf SHOWBIZ JAN08.qxd (Page 1)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* 2009 [[Saturn Outlook]]
* 2009 [[GMC Acadia]]
* 2009 [[Buick Enclave]]
Future Applications:
* 2009 [[Holden VF Commodore]]
* 2010 [[Chevrolet Camaro]]


[[Image:GM Engine Tech4.png]]
== LCS ==
The 3.6 L (3564 cc) '''LCS''' is derived from the direct-injected LLT for use in [[hybrid vehicle|hybrids]], using the [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|two-mode system]] <ref>[http://eogld.ecomm.gm.com/NASApp/domestic/proddesc.jsp?year=2009&regionID=1&divisionID=10&type=0&vehicleID=6861&section=engineAxle&page=5&butID=3 Model Information - Online Ordering Guide<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. Differences from the LLT include a slightly lower compression ratio, 11.3:1, and lower power and torque peaks.  It will debut in the 2009 Saturn Vue Hybrid, where it will make {{Convert|262|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 6100 rpm and {{auto ftlbf|250}} of torque at 4800 rpm. <ref>http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2009a/HPT%20Library/HFV6/2009%2036L%20Hybrid_SAE.pdf</ref>


Iron Dukes were fitted with [[fuel injection]] (TBI, via a single injector in the throttle body) in 1982. This version was christened the '''Tech IV''', though ''[[Car and Driver]]'' later ridiculed it as the ''low''-Tech IV. Power output remained at 90&nbsp;hp (67&nbsp;kW).
Applications:
* 2009 [[Saturn Vue]] Hybrid


This was replaced by a swirl-port head with 9.0:1 (instead of 8.2:1) compression ratio in 1984 for a 2&nbsp;hp (1.5&nbsp;kW) gain. Other additions for 1985 included roller lifters, improved bearings, and a new crankshaft.
== LP1 ==
A 2.8&nbsp;L (2792&nbsp;cc) '''LP1''' variant was introduced in the 2005 [[Cadillac CTS]]. It has a 3.50&nbsp;in (89.0&nbsp;mm) bore, a 2.94&nbsp;in (74.8&nbsp;mm) stroke, and a 10.0:1 compression ratio. It generates {{Convert|210|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 6500 rpm, and {{auto ftlbf|194}} at 3300 rpm.


A more-modern serpentine belt and crank-triggered ignition was added in 1987, increasing horsepower to 98. The engine was updated one final time one year later with [[balance shaft]]s, new pistons, rods, crankshaft, and an in-pan oiling system. This 1988 Tech IV produced 110&nbsp;hp (73&nbsp;kW).
Applications:
* 2005–2007 [[Cadillac CTS]]


The Tech IV uses the same bellhousing pattern as the 2.8&nbsp;L ''[[GM 60-Degree V6 engine|60-Degree]]'' V6.  
== LP9 Turbo ==
[[Image:2006 Saab 9-3 SportCombi engine.jpg|right|thumb|250px|2.8&nbsp;L turbo V6 in a 2006 [[Saab 9-3]] SportCombi]]
The ''LP9'' is a 2.8&nbsp;L [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] version is used for the [[Saab 9-3]] and other GM vehicles. It produces {{Convert|255|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Directive 80/1269/EEC|EEC]] at 5500 rpm and {{auto ftlbf|258}} between 1800 and 5000 rpm. It has the same bore and stroke as the naturally-aspirated [[GM High Feature engine#LP1|LP1]], however the compression ratio is reduced to 9.5:1. There are also other variants available, with {{Convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Directive 80/1269/EEC|EEC]] and {{auto ftlbf|280}} [[Directive 80/1269/EEC|EEC]]. GM Powertrain Sweden (Saab Automobile Powertrain) has been responsible for the turbocharging of the engine. The engine is built in Port Melbourne, Australia.


Over the years, the Tech IV engine has proved to be a reliable, if noisy, workhorse for owners--when not pushed to its limits.  All 1978-1990 Iron Duke L-4's are outfitted with a micarta camshaft gear that meshes directly with a steel gear on the crankshaft (no timing chain).  1991-92 VIN R and U engines received a timing chain.  The timing gear has a tendency to crumble a tooth anytime after 80,000 miles .    The cam gear simply shears a tooth at startup and the engine won't start. When the cam gear loses a tooth, the camshaft AND distributor stop rotating during engine cranking.
Applications:
* 2007 [[Cadillac BLS]]
* 2010 [[Cadillac SRX]]
* 2006 [[Opel Vectra]]
* 2006 [[Opel Signum]]
* 2009 [[Opel Insignia]]
* 2006 [[Saab 9-3]]


Replacing the gear requires heating the new gear in hot oil and quickly installing it for a press fit on the cam stub 
== LF1 ==
The ''LF1'' is a 3.0 L version equipped with [[Gasoline Direct Injection|Direct Injection]]. In standard tune it produces {{convert|255|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|214|ftlbf|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque<ref name=LF1press20081217>{{cite news | first=Dan | last=Roth | coauthors= | title=DI FTW: GM unveils new direct-injection 2.4L EcoTec and 3.0L V6 | work=autoblog.com | url=http://www.autoblog.com/2008/12/18/di-ftw-gm-new-direct-inject-2-4l-ecotec-and-3-0l-v6 | date=[[2008-12-17]] | accessdate=2008-12-17}}</ref>


A few Tech IV owners experience minor driveability issues with the engine. There are several cheap/easy repairs that the shadetree mechanic can perform to keep this engine running at its best.
Applications:
* 2010 [[Buick LaCrosse]]
* 2010 [[Cadillac SRX]] - {{convert|260|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}},{{convert|221|ftlbf|Nm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=SRXpress20090104>{{cite news | first=Sam | last=Abuelsamid | coauthors= | title=Detroit Preview: 2010 Cadillac SRX reborn | work=autoblog.com | url=http://www.autoblog.com/2009/01/04/detroit-preview-2010-cadillac-srx-reborn | date=[[2009-01-04]] | accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref>
* 2010 [[Chevrolet Equinox]]


Inspection (and replacement, if necessary) of the MAP sensor, and its accompanying vacuum hose, is often a solution to many driveability problems.  This sensor largely controls the engine's driveability.  Stuck EGR valves are also very common on the Tech IV. When replacing the EGR, a mechanic should only use a new, Delphi-sourced or AC Delco part, as aftermarket EGR valves have diaphram springs that are too weak for this engine.  This causes hesitation, sag, stumbling, and sometimes, hard starting.  Oxygen sensors should also be replaced every {{convert|30000|mi|km}} on this engine.
== Suzuki ==
[[Suzuki]] builds the High Feature V6 at its [[Sagara, Japan]] plant for the [[Suzuki XL-7]] SUV under license from [[General Motors]].  Displacing 3.6&nbsp;L, this engine produces {{Convert|252|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 6500 rpm and {{auto ftlbf|243}} at 2300 rpm.


Applications:
Applications:
* 1985-1993 [[Chevrolet S-10]]/[[GMC S-15]] Sonoma
* 2007 [[Suzuki XL-7]]
* 1985-1994 [[Chevrolet Astro]]
 
* 1990-1992 [[Chevrolet Lumina]]
== V12 ==
* 1984-1988 [[Pontiac Fiero]]
 
* 1982-1985 [[Chevrolet Citation]] II
On March 21, 2007 it was reported by [[AutoWeek]] that GM is planning to develop a 60-degree [[V12]] based on this engine family to power the top version of [[Cadillac]]'s upcoming flagship sedan. This engine would essentially consist of two 3.6&nbsp;L High Feature V6s attached end-to-end on a single [[crankshaft]], and would feature such high-end technologies as [[direct injection]] and [[cylinder deactivation]]. If so, the engine would displace 7.2 liters, and produce approximately {{Convert|600|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{auto ftlbf|540}} of torque. Development of the engine was reportedly being conducted in Australia by Holden. <ref name=AutoweekPR20070321>{{cite press release | title = AutoWeek Breaks Major Cadillac News in March 26 Issue | publisher = prnewswire.com | date= [[2007-03-21]] | url = http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/03-21-2007/0004550743&EDATE= | accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref>
* 1982-1984 [[Pontiac Phoenix]], [[Oldsmobile Omega]]
 
* 1982-1991 [[Pontiac 6000]], [[Chevrolet Celebrity]], [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera]], [[Buick Century]]
In August, 2008, GM announced that development of the V12 had been canceled. The CAFE standards are most likely to blame. <ref name=autospies20080821>{{cite news | title=Cadillac cancels plans for V12 XLKS flagship sedan | work=autospies.com | url=http://www.autospies.com/news/Cadillac-cancels-plans-for-V12-XLKS-flagship-sedan-33871 | date=[[2008-08-21]] | accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref>
* 1985-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Am]], [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais]], [[Buick Somerset]], [[Buick Skylark]]
* 1982-1986 [[Pontiac Firebird]] and [[Chevrolet Camaro]]


==Racing versions==
== See also ==
Though not a production engine, the '''Super Duty 4'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_V8_engine#SD4] racing engine was notable and widely publicized at the time. It was the basis for [[NASCAR]]'s Touring Car series.
* [[List of GM engines]]
* [[GM High Value engine]]
* [[Cadillac Northstar engine]]
* [[GM 3500 engine]]


[[Cosworth]] also produced a [[multi-valve|16-valve]] head ([[Cosworth]] Project DBA, 1987) for the Iron Duke.
== References ==


==See also==
<references/>
* [[GM H platform]]
* [[GM engines]]


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.jeeptech.com/engine/gm151.html Jeep 151 information]
*[http://www.autospeed.com/cms/A_2264/article.html Technical article from AutoSpeed]
*[http://www.cadillac.com/cadillacjsp/model/gallery.jsp?model=cts/ Cadillac CTS Homepage]
*[http://www.caddyinfo.com/ Caddyinfo.com] - Cadillac Discussion Forum, How-To, and Technical Information
*[http://subscribers.wardsauto.com/ar/new_gm_engine/ GM Unveils New Direct Injection V-6] - Ward's Auto World.
*http://www.webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/gmengine.htm
*http://www.autoshow.ca/2008/downloads/SHOWBIZ-JAN08.pdf


* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Opala Chevrolet Opala information]
[[Category:GM engines|High Feature]]


[[Category:GM engines|Iron Duke]]
[[it:GM HFV6]]

Revision as of 15:27, 3 February 2009

High Feature V6
ManufacturerGeneral Motors
Also calledAlloytec V6
TypeDOHC 60° 24-valve V6
Production2004–
Predecessor54° V6
Dry weight168 kg (370 lb) (3.6 V6 High Feature engine)

The 3600 LY7 (and derivative LP1) are members of General Motors' new High Feature (or HFV6) engine family of modern DOHC V6s. This new family of engines was introduced in 2004 with the Cadillac CTS. Holden sells the HFV6 under the name Alloytec. The High Feature moniker on the Holden produced engine is reserved for the twin cam pasing High output version. The block was designed to be expandable from 2.8 L to 4.0 L.

It is a 60° 24-valve design with aluminum block and heads and Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection. Most versions feature continuously-variable cam phasing on both intake and exhaust valves and electronic throttle control. Other features include piston oil-jet capability, forged and fillet rolled crankshaft, forged connecting rods, a variable intake manifold, twin knock control sensors and coil-on-plug ignition. It was developed by the same international team responsible for the Ecotec, including the Opel engineers responsible for the 54° V6, with involvement with design and development engineering from Ricardo, Inc.

High Feature V6 engines are produced at Fisherman's Bend in Port Melbourne, Australia, St. Catharines in Canada, and Flint Engine South in Flint, Michigan, United States.

History

The HFV6 was first designed, tested and produced in a joint team by Cadillac and Holden. A majority of design into the new alloy construction, transmission pairing and first use in production were all undertaken in Detroit (and manufactured in St Catherines). Holden had the job of developing smaller engines (Holden 3.2, LP1 and LP9 Turbo) as well as their own Holden HFV6 (called the Alloytec V6) for local models.

Cadillac and Holden both tested variations of these engines in US and Australia.

North America and Australia remain the only two places that manufacture the HFV6.

Alfa Romeo

Alfa Romeo uses the High Feature engine design, though with many modifications, as the JTS V6. The Alfa unit features lean-burn technology as on many other engines from the company. It displaces 3.2 L (3195 cc) and has an output of 256 hp (191 kW; 260 PS) at 6200 rpm and 237 ft·lbf (321 N·m) torque, with gasoline direct injection allowing a high compression ratio of 11.25:1. The engine is also equipped with cam-phasing on both inlet and exhaust side, thus the name "TwinPhaser".

Alfa Romeo only acquires the core designs and productions of the HFV6. It is then taken to their factory and modified for their performance, fuel economy and soundtrack.

Applications:

  • 2005 Alfa Romeo 159
  • 2006 Alfa Romeo 159 Sportwagon
  • 2005 Alfa Romeo Brera
  • 2006 Alfa Romeo Spider

Holden 3.2

Holden has built its own 3.2 L version of the High Feature engine in Australia. Branded with the Alloytec name like the 3.6 L version, this version produces 227 hp (169 kW) at 6600 rpm and 219 lb·ft (297 N·m) at 3200 rpm.

Applications:

  • 2007 Holden Captiva
  • 2007 Opel Antara

LY7

LY7 V6 engine in a Cadillac STS.
Alloytec V6 engine in a Holden VZ Commodore.
LPG Alloytec V6 engine in a Holden VE Commodore.

The 3.6 L (3564 cc) LY7 version was introduced in the 2004 Cadillac CTS sedan. It has a 10.2:1 compression ratio and produces 255 hp (190 kW) at 6200 rpm and 252 lb·ft (342 N·m) at 3100 rpm. The bore is 3.70 in (94.0 mm) and the stroke is 3.37 in (85.6 mm). In some applications, including the Buick LaCrosse and Holden Commodore, the LY7 has an output of 235 to 262 hp (175 to 195 kW) and 225 to 251 ft·lbf (305 to 340 N·m) depending on the vehicle induction and exhaust system designs. The lower powered versions only have variable cam phasing on the inlet cam. Selected models also include variable intake. The engine weighs 370 lb (170 kg) as installed.

This engine is produced in North America and Australia.

On the Lambda crossover SUVs (Saturn Outlook, GMC Acadia, and Buick Enclave) it produces 275 hp (205 kW) and 251 lb·ft (340 N·m). The Holden Alloytec version has been modified to meet Euro III emissions standards and has an output of 262 hp (195 kW) and 251 ft-lbf (340 N-m). A dual fuel 235 hp (175 kW) version able to run on petrol and autogas (LPG) has also been produced by Holden in Australia.

Applications:

  • 2004 Cadillac CTS
  • 2004 Buick Rendezvous CXL/Ultra
  • 2004 Cadillac SRX
  • 2004 Holden VZ Commodore
  • 2005 Buick LaCrosse CXS
  • 2005 Cadillac STS
  • 2006 Holden VE Commodore
  • 2006 Holden WM Statesman
  • 2006 Holden WM Caprice
  • 2007 Saturn Aura XR
  • 2007 Saturn Outlook
  • 2007 Pontiac G6 GTP
  • 2007 GMC Acadia
  • 2008 Buick Enclave
  • 2008 Chevrolet Malibu
  • 2008 Saturn Vue XR
  • 2008 Pontiac G8
  • 2008 Chevrolet Equinox Sport
  • 2008 Pontiac Torrent GXP
  • 2008 Pontiac G6 GXP

LLT

The 3.6 liter (3564 cc) LLT is a direct injected version of the LY7. It was first unveiled in May 2006, and was claimed to have 15 percent greater power, 8 percent greater torque, and 3 percent better fuel economy than its port-injected counterpart. It has a compression ratio of 11.4:1, and has been certified by the SAE to produce 302 horsepower (225 kW) at 6300 rpm and 272 lb·ft (369 N·m) of torque at 5200 rpm on regular unleaded (87 octane) gasoline. This engine debuted on the 2008 Cadillac STS and CTS.[1][2] GM will use a LLT in all 2009 Lambda-derived crossover SUVs to allow class-leading fuel economy in light of the new Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. In the Lambdas, LLT engine produces 286 horsepower (213 kW) and 255 lb·ft (346 N·m) of torque.[3][4][5]

Applications:

  • 2008 Cadillac CTS
  • 2008 Cadillac STS
  • 2009 Chevrolet Traverse[6]
  • 2009 Saturn Outlook
  • 2009 GMC Acadia
  • 2009 Buick Enclave

Future Applications:

LCS

The 3.6 L (3564 cc) LCS is derived from the direct-injected LLT for use in hybrids, using the two-mode system [7]. Differences from the LLT include a slightly lower compression ratio, 11.3:1, and lower power and torque peaks. It will debut in the 2009 Saturn Vue Hybrid, where it will make 262 hp (195 kW) at 6100 rpm and 250 lb·ft (339 N·m) of torque at 4800 rpm. [8]

Applications:

  • 2009 Saturn Vue Hybrid

LP1

A 2.8 L (2792 cc) LP1 variant was introduced in the 2005 Cadillac CTS. It has a 3.50 in (89.0 mm) bore, a 2.94 in (74.8 mm) stroke, and a 10.0:1 compression ratio. It generates 210 hp (157 kW) at 6500 rpm, and 194 lb·ft (263 N·m) at 3300 rpm.

Applications:

  • 2005–2007 Cadillac CTS

LP9 Turbo

2.8 L turbo V6 in a 2006 Saab 9-3 SportCombi

The LP9 is a 2.8 L turbocharged version is used for the Saab 9-3 and other GM vehicles. It produces 255 hp (190 kW) EEC at 5500 rpm and 258 lb·ft (350 N·m) between 1800 and 5000 rpm. It has the same bore and stroke as the naturally-aspirated LP1, however the compression ratio is reduced to 9.5:1. There are also other variants available, with 230 hp (172 kW) EEC and 280 lb·ft (380 N·m) EEC. GM Powertrain Sweden (Saab Automobile Powertrain) has been responsible for the turbocharging of the engine. The engine is built in Port Melbourne, Australia.

Applications:

  • 2007 Cadillac BLS
  • 2010 Cadillac SRX
  • 2006 Opel Vectra
  • 2006 Opel Signum
  • 2009 Opel Insignia
  • 2006 Saab 9-3

LF1

The LF1 is a 3.0 L version equipped with Direct Injection. In standard tune it produces 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) and 214 ft·lbf (290 N·m) of torque[9]

Applications:

  • 2010 Buick LaCrosse
  • 2010 Cadillac SRX - 260 hp (194 kW; 264 PS),221 ft·lbf (300 N·m)[10]
  • 2010 Chevrolet Equinox

Suzuki

Suzuki builds the High Feature V6 at its Sagara, Japan plant for the Suzuki XL-7 SUV under license from General Motors. Displacing 3.6 L, this engine produces 252 hp (188 kW) at 6500 rpm and 243 lb·ft (329 N·m) at 2300 rpm.

Applications:

  • 2007 Suzuki XL-7

V12

On March 21, 2007 it was reported by AutoWeek that GM is planning to develop a 60-degree V12 based on this engine family to power the top version of Cadillac's upcoming flagship sedan. This engine would essentially consist of two 3.6 L High Feature V6s attached end-to-end on a single crankshaft, and would feature such high-end technologies as direct injection and cylinder deactivation. If so, the engine would displace 7.2 liters, and produce approximately 600 hp (447 kW) and 540 lb·ft (732 N·m) of torque. Development of the engine was reportedly being conducted in Australia by Holden. [11]

In August, 2008, GM announced that development of the V12 had been canceled. The CAFE standards are most likely to blame. [12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Hellwig, Ed (2007-01-08). "Detroit Auto Show: 2008 Cadillac CTS". edmunds.com. http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Features/articleId=119071. Retrieved on 4 January 2009. 
  2. ↑ Brennan, Reilly (2007-05-08). "Cadillac Ups STS Horsepower Rating To 302". nextautos.com. http://www.nextautos.com/body-stylesmarket-segment/sedans/cadillac-ups-sts-horsepower-rating-to-302. Retrieved on 4 January 2009. 
  3. ↑ Engine - Power Curve
  4. ↑ Engine - Power Curve
  5. ↑ Engine - Power Curve
  6. ↑ SHOWBIZ JAN08.qxd (Page 1)
  7. ↑ Model Information - Online Ordering Guide
  8. ↑ http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2009a/HPT%20Library/HFV6/2009%2036L%20Hybrid_SAE.pdf
  9. ↑ Roth, Dan (2008-12-17). "DI FTW: GM unveils new direct-injection 2.4L EcoTec and 3.0L V6". autoblog.com. http://www.autoblog.com/2008/12/18/di-ftw-gm-new-direct-inject-2-4l-ecotec-and-3-0l-v6. Retrieved on 17 December 2008. 
  10. ↑ Abuelsamid, Sam (2009-01-04). "Detroit Preview: 2010 Cadillac SRX reborn". autoblog.com. http://www.autoblog.com/2009/01/04/detroit-preview-2010-cadillac-srx-reborn. Retrieved on 4 January 2009. 
  11. ↑ prnewswire.com (2007-03-21). AutoWeek Breaks Major Cadillac News in March 26 Issue. Press release. http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/03-21-2007/0004550743&EDATE=. Retrieved on 2009-01-04. 
  12. ↑ "Cadillac cancels plans for V12 XLKS flagship sedan". autospies.com. 2008-08-21. http://www.autospies.com/news/Cadillac-cancels-plans-for-V12-XLKS-flagship-sedan-33871. Retrieved on 4 January 2009. 

External links

it:GM HFV6

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